Hītori / History

Māori → English

ahitere Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro, Tūāhua

discord, disharmony (kupu kē atu: whakatete)

āhuarangi hurihuri Tūingoa

climate change

āhuatanga kukume Tūingoa

pull factor

āhuatanga o nehe Tūingoa

historical circumstance, historical factor, historical phenomenon (kupu kē atu: āhuatanga aronehe, āhuatanga o mua)

āhuatanga o te wā Tūingoa

contemporary circumstance, contemporary phenomenon, contemporary factor

āhuatanga reremua Tūingoa

upstream factor

āhuatanga ue Tūingoa

push factor

ahurea (o te) tokomaha Tūingoa

majority culture

ahurea tuku iho Tūingoa

traditional culture

ānga o mua Tūingoa

historical force

angawātū Tūingoa

presentism (takenga mai: anga - to face a certain direction; anga - structure, framework; wātū - present time; wā - time; tū - to stop, halt)

Arahuna Rerewhenua Tūingoa

Underground Railroad (takenga mai: ara - pathway; huna - to be concealed, hidden; rerewhenua - railway; rere - to flee; whenua - territory, land)

ariā arohaehae Tūingoa

critical theory

ariā kakai Tūingoa

conspiracy theory (takenga mai: ariā - theory; kakai - conspire, plot, scheme)

ariā kaupapa Māori Tūingoa

kaupapa Māori theory

ariā tōrangapū Tūingoa

political theory

arikitanga tūroa Tūingoa

dynasty (takenga mai: arikitanga - monarchy; tūroa - established, of long standing, enduring)

aronui Tūingoa

humanities

arotake mātākōrero Tūingoa

literature review

arotītaha ahurea Tūingoa, Tūāhua

ethnocentric, ethnocentricism (takenga mai: aro - to be inclined toward; tītaha - skewed; ahurea - culture) (kupu kē atu: arotītaha ā-iwi, whakaariki ā-iwi)

ātete ~ngia ~nga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti, Tūāhua

resist, oppose

ātete mārire Tūingoa

passive resistance (takenga mai: ātete - to oppose; mārire - peaceful) (kupu kē atu: ātete mauritau)

auroatanga Tūingoa

continuity (takenga mai: auroa - prolonged, lengthy) (kupu kē atu: haere tonutanga)

auroatanga pāpori Tūingoa

social continuity (takenga mai: auroa - prolonged, extended, drawn-out)

awenga ahurea Tūingoa

cultural influence

awenga o mua Tūingoa

historical influence

hāpaiora reremua Tūingoa

upstream intervention, early intervention (takenga mai: hāpaiora - intervention; rere - to flow; mua - in front, before)

hāpaitanga Tūingoa

affirmative action, positive discrimination (takenga mai: hāpai - to uplift, support)

haukiri Tūingoa

autobiography (takenga mai: hau - be published abroad; kiri - person, self) (kupu kē atu: haurongo whaiaro)

haumi ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūāhua

ally, alliance

haumi rongomau Tūingoa

peace alliance

haumi tōrangapū Tūingoa

political alliance

haumi whakamaru Tūingoa

security alliance

haurongo Tūingoa

biography (takenga mai: hau - be published abroad; rongo - report, fame)

heke (~nga) atu Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro

emigrate, emigration

hekenga nui Tūingoa

great migration

hekenga tāone Tūingoa

urban migration

hīkoi mārire Tūingoa

peaceful march

hītori Tūingoa, Tūāhua

history, historical (takenga mai: He kupu mino.) (kupu kē atu: tāhuhu kōrero, kōrero o mua, kōrero o nehe, hītōria)

hītori ā-iwi Tūingoa

tribal history (kupu kē atu: tāhuhu kōrero ā-iwi)

hītori ahurea Tūingoa

cultural history

hītori aotūroa Tūingoa

natural history

hītori auraki Tūingoa

conventional history, prevailing history, mainstream history (takenga mai: auraki - mainstream)

hītori haukāinga Tūingoa

local history (kupu kē atu: hītori ā-rohe)

hītori ōhanga Tūingoa

economic history

hītori pāpori Tūingoa

social history

hītori taiao Tūingoa

environmental history

hītori tātāmi Tūingoa

colonial history

hītori toi Tūingoa

art history

hītori tōrangapū Tūingoa

political history

hītori tuauri Tūingoa

ancient history

hītori tuauri whāioio Tūingoa

prehistory

hītori tūtata Tūingoa

modern history (takenga mai: tū - take place; tata - to be near)

hītori whāiti Tūingoa

microhistory

hītori whakapūaho Tūingoa

revisionist history (takenga mai: whakapūaho - to elucidate, clarify)

hītori whakatairite Tūingoa

comparative history

hītori whānau Tūingoa

family history (kupu kē atu: tāhuhu kōrero ā-whānau)

hītori whārahi Tūingoa

macrohistory

hoahoa whare Tūingoa

architecture

hohou i te rongo Tūmahi Poro

to make peace

hohou rongo huriao Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro

international peacekeeping, global peacekeeping

hone ahurea Tūingoa

cultural misappropriation (takenga mai: hone - to acquire wrongfully)

horahora ahurea Tūingoa

cultural diffusion

horopaki Tūingoa

context (takenga mai: horopaki - surround)

horopaki ahurea Tūingoa

cultural context

horopaki aronehe Tūingoa

historical context (kupu kē atu: horopaki hītōria)

horopaki huriao Tūingoa

global context

horopaki pāpori Tūingoa

social context

horopaki tōrangapū Tūingoa

political context

houkura Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro, Tūāhua

prosperous, peaceful, affluent (kupu kē atu: tōnui)

houmate Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro, Tūāhua

unprosperous (takenga mai: hou - e whai ana i tā te 'houkura' [prosperous]; mate - sick, unwell, calamity)

hua Tūingoa

outcome, effect (kupu kē atu: otinga, putanga)

hua reremuri Tūingoa

downstream effect (takenga mai: hua - outcome; rere - to flow; muri - behind)

Huakitanga Atapō Tūingoa

Dawn Raid

huanga whaiwhai Tūingoa

domino effect, chain reaction, ripple effect (takenga mai: huanga - outcome, result; whaiwhai - to follow)

ia o mua Tūingoa

historical trend (kupu kē atu: ia aronehe)

inewā horowaro Tūingoa

radiocarbon dating (takenga mai: ine - to measure; wā - time; horo - waste away, crumble down; waro - carbon)

iwi awenui Tūingoa

dominant group of people, dominant tribe (takenga mai: awe - strength, power, influence) (kupu kē atu: iwi whakatuanui)

iwi matarau Tūingoa

multitribal, multiracial

iwi taketake Tūingoa

indigenous people, indigenous tribe (kupu kē atu: tangata whenua)

kāhaki pononga Tūingoa

blackbirding (takenga mai: kāhaki - to kidnap, take by force, abduct; pononga - slave)

kaiapo ~hia ~ tanga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti

exploit, exploitation (takenga mai: kaiapo - covetous, avaricious, greedy)

kaihōpara Tūingoa

explorer, pioneer

kaikaiwaiū ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūāhua

traitor, treason, treasonous

kaikimi punanga Tūingoa

asylum seeker

kaimātai tapawāhi Tūingoa

toponymist (takenga mai: kai - prefix denoting agent; mātai - to examine, investigate; tapa - to name; wāhi - place)

kaipatu kekeno Tūingoa

sealer

kaipatu tohorā Tūingoa

whaler

kairauhī taonga Tūingoa

museum curator (takenga mai: rauhī - to collect together, to takecare of, protect)

kairokiroki taonga Tūingoa

conservator (takenga mai: rokiroki - to care for, protect, preserve)

koata-kāehe Tūingoa

quarter-caste (takenga mai: He kupu mino.)

kōhaki ~na Tūmahi Whiti

take by force, seize (kupu kē atu: kōwhakiwhaki, kāhaki)

kohuki taumuri Tūingoa

post traumatic stress disorder, PTSD (takenga mai: kohuki - anguish, stress, distress; tau - to come to land, settle; muri - after)

kohuki tuku iho Tūingoa

generational trauma, intergenerational trauma, transgenerational trauma (kupu kē atu: kohuki whitireanga)

koke Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro

progress (kupu kē atu: kauneke, koke whakamua)

kōkiri mana wahine Tūingoa

feminism (takenga mai: kōkiri - to champion, promote, advocate; mana wahine - status, power, dignity of women) (kupu kē atu: tohe mana wahine)

kōmihana aro ki te pono me te whakamārie Tūingoa

truth and reconciliation commission

kōrero aronehe Tūingoa

historical narrative, historical text (takenga mai: kōrero - story, text, narrative; aro - to turn towards, take heed; nehe - past times) (kupu kē atu: kōrero hītōria, tāhuhu kōrero, kōrero o nehe)

kōrero whēnakonako Tūingoa

nostalgic text, nostalgic narrative (takenga mai: whēnakonako - to be wistful, yearn)

kounu ~hia ~ tanga Tūmahi Poro, Tūingoa

secede, secession, pull out, withdraw, withdrawal

koutangata Tūingoa

humanity, humanness, human goodness (takenga mai: kou - of good quality; tangata - person, human being)

kuhu ahurea Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro

acculturate, acculturation (takenga mai: kuhu - to go into, to join)

mahi whakaea nama Tūingoa

indentured labour, indentured servitude (takenga mai: whakaea - to repay; nama - debt)

manapōti Tūingoa

suffrage, right to vote (takenga mai: mana - power, authority; pōti [kupu mino] - vote)

manapōti-kore Tūingoa, Tūāhua

disenfranchised (takenga mai: mana - power, authority; pōti - vote; kore - negative, nil)

manarite Tūingoa, Tūāhua

equality, equal status (kupu kē atu: ōritetanga)

manarite-kore Tūingoa

inequality, disparity

manatunga Tūingoa

keepsake, momento

manotau Tūingoa

millennium (takenga mai: mano - thousand; tau - year)

manuheke Tūingoa

migrant, immigrant (takenga mai: manu [manuhiri] - visitor; manu [manu kaewa] - wanderer; heke - migrate, migration)

maru karauna Tūingoa

state care (takenga mai: maru - shelter, shield, power, authority; karauna [kupu mino] - crown)

mātai hītori Tūingoa

histiography

mātai tapawāhi Tūingoa

toponymy, study of place names (takenga mai: mātai - to study, examine, investigate; tapa - to name; wāhi - place)

mātai tikanga Tūingoa

anthropology

mātai tikanga ahurea Tūingoa

cultural anthropology

mātai tikanga pāpori Tūingoa

social anthropology

mātākōrero Tūingoa

literature (takenga mai: mātā - heap, layer; kōrero - text, prose)

matamangu Tūingoa

blackface

mātātangata Tūingoa

humanity, human race (takenga mai: mātā - e whai ana i tā te mātāwaka; mātā - heap; tangata - person, human being)

mātātuhi Tūingoa

written literature (takenga mai: mātā [mātākōrero] - literature; mātā - heap, layer; tuhi - to write)

matawaenga matatika Tūingoa

ethical dilemma, moral dilemma

mātāwaha Tūingoa

oral literature (takenga mai: mātā [mātākōrero] - literature; mātā - heap, layer; waha - mouth, voice)

matawhānui Tūingoa, Tūāhua

vision, visionary (kupu kē atu: matatawhiti)

mauhanga hītōria Tūingoa

historical record

mauhanga hītōria ā-tau Tūingoa

annal

mauhanga kōrero Tūingoa

record, documentation (kupu kē atu: pūranga kōrero)

mauhanga taketake Tūingoa

original record

mauhere ~tia Tūingoa, Tūāhua, Tūmahi Whiti

imprison, imprisonment, prisoner, incarcerate (kupu kē atu: whakarau)

mauhere nuipuku Tūingoa

mass incarceration, mass imprisonment (takenga mai: mauhere - to imprison; nuipuku - multitude)

maukino mātātangata Tūingoa

crime against humanity (takenga mai: maukino - abuse, ill-treat)

maurutanga Tūingoa

détente (takenga mai: mauru - to be eased, allayed, appeased)

mautohe ~tia Tūingoa, Tūāhua, Tūmahi Poro

protest (kupu kē atu: porotēhi [kupu mino])

momoho Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro, Tūāhua

advantage, advantaged, privilege (takenga mai: momoho - to be fortunate, rewarded)

momotu iwi Tūingoa

apartheid (takenga mai: momotu - to sever, separate) (kupu kē atu: tāuketanga)

mōrehu kāinga-kore Tūingoa

displaced person (kupu kē atu: konene)

mōriroriro Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro, Tūāhua

alienated, estranged

mōtika raraupori Tūingoa

civil rights, societal rights (takenga mai: rarau - to settle, take root; rarau [kirirarau] - citizen; pori [porihanga] - society) (kupu kē atu: mōtika kirirarau, mōtika porihanga)

mua Tūwā

past (history)

nawe Tūingoa

grievance, complaint (kupu kē atu: amuamu)

nehe Tūwā

ancient times, long ago (kupu kē atu: neherā, uki, tāukiuki, tua whakarere, tuauri)

noho huānga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro

belonging, sense of belonging, belong (takenga mai: noho - to live; huānga - member of a group, kin)

nohoroa Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro, Tūāhua

overstay, overstayer (takenga mai: noho - to live, dwell; roa - long; roa [whakaroa] - prolong, extend)

nohowheta Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti

occupy, occupation (takenga mai: wheta - to occupy a place)

nonope ~a ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti

persecute, persecution (takenga mai: nonope - to oppress, distress, depress) (kupu kē atu: whakamamae, pēhi)

ngahurutau Tūingoa

decade (takenga mai: ngahuru - ten; tau - year)

ngākau aronehe Tūingoa

historical empathy (takenga mai: ngākau - heart, seat of affections; aro - to be inclined towards; nehe - time past)

ope hohou rongo Tūingoa

peacekeeping force

orokē Tūingoa

faction (takenga mai: oro - grove of trees of one kind; kē - different, alternative)

pāhoro Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro

coup, coup d'état (takenga mai: pāhoro - to take by assault, storm a fortress) (kupu kē atu: tukipoto)

pāhua ~tia Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti

plunder, rob, burgle, thieve, loot, ransack

pakanga ~tia Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro, Tūmahi Whiti

war, battle, fight

pakanga ā-ao Tūingoa

world war, global war

pakanga ā-iwi Tūingoa

inter-tribal war, tribal war

pakanga pū okaoka Tūingoa

musket war

pakanga taungaungau Tūingoa

cold war (takenga mai: taungaungau - to wrangle, bicker, squabble; tau - indicating reciprocal action; tau - to attack) (kupu kē atu: pakanga kōpeke)

pakanga whenua Tūingoa

land war, territorial war

paki aronehe Tūingoa

historical fiction (kupu kē atu: paki hītōria)

pakirehua aronehe Tūingoa

historical inquiry (kupu kē atu: pakirehua hītōria)

pakirehua pāpori Tūingoa

social inquiry

panoni whakaumu Tūingoa

transformative change (takenga mai: whakaumu - to transform, alter, change)

papa kōrero Tūingoa

plaque, commemorative tablet (takenga mai: papa - slab, surface; kōrero - narrative, story)

pāpātanga Tūingoa

impact (takenga mai: pāpā - to affect, touch, strike) (kupu kē atu: pānga)

pāpātanga ahurea Tūingoa

cultural impact

pāpātanga ohaoha Tūingoa

economic impact

pāpātanga pāpori Tūingoa

social impact

pāpātanga taiao Tūingoa

environmental impact

pāpātanga tangata Tūingoa

human impact

pārae pōhatu Tūingoa

stonefield (takenga mai: pārae - level or undulating open country) (kupu kē atu: pārae kōhatu)

paremata ~tia Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti, Tūāhua

compensate, compensation, recompense, reparation, redress

pēhi ~a ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti

oppress, suppress, oppression, persecute

pēhitanga hāhi Tūingoa

religious persecution, religious oppression

pēhitanga hinengaro Tūingoa

oppression of the mind

pēhitanga mataaho Tūingoa

overt oppression (takenga mai: mataaho - clear, evident) (kupu kē atu: pēhi mārakerake)

pēhitanga matahuna Tūingoa

covert oppression (takenga mai: mata - face; huna - hidden)

pēhitanga wairua Tūingoa

oppression of the spirit, demoralisation

petihana ~tia Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti

petition (takenga mai: He kupu mino.)

piki tūranga Tūingoa

successor

pohū karihi Tūingoa

nuclear bomb, atomic bomb (kupu kē atu: pōmu karihi)

pohū whakamomori Tūingoa

suicide bomb

pohūrere Tūingoa

missile (takenga mai: pohū - bomb, grenade, explosion; rere - to fly)

pokapū manuheke Tūingoa

immigration centre (takenga mai: manu [manuhiri] - visitor; manu [manu kaewa] - wanderer; heke - migrate, migration)

pononga kairau Tūingoa

sex slave, forced sex worker

pononga tamariki Tūingoa

child slave

porihanga ahumahi Tūingoa

industrial society

porihanga auraki Tūingoa

mainstream society (kupu kē atu: porihanga rīroa)

porihanga kanorau Tūingoa

diverse society, pluralistic society

porihanga kanorite Tūingoa

homogeneous society

porihanga kauawhi Tūingoa

inclusive society

porihanga kaupare Tūingoa

exclusive society

porihanga kiripiro Tūingoa

intolerant society

porihanga māhaki Tūingoa

tolerant society

porihanga tautika-kore Tūingoa

inequitable society

porihanga tika Tūingoa

just society (kupu kē atu: porihanga manatika)

porihanga tūwhena Tūingoa

stable society

porotū Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro

strike (protest action)

pōtitake Tūingoa

referendum (takenga mai: pōti [kupu mino] - vote; take - issue)

pōtitake-here Tūingoa

binding referendum (takenga mai: pōti [kupu mino] - vote; take - issue; here - to bind)

pōtitake-herekore Tūingoa

non-binding referendum (takenga mai: pōti [kupu mino] - vote; take - issue; here - to bind; kore - negative)

pou whenua Tūingoa

boundary marker, marker of (land) ownership, land marker post

pukatara Tūingoa

reference book (takenga mai: puka - book; tara [papatara] - storehouse; tara [whakatara] - invoke, consult)

pūmāramarama Tūingoa, Tūāhua

assumption, supposition

pūmautanga Tūingoa

constancy, permanency

puna kōrero Tūingoa

source of information

puna mātāmua Tūingoa

primary source (of information)

puna mātārua Tūingoa

secondary source (of information) (takenga mai: mātā - e whai ana i tā te 'mātāmua'; rua [tuarua] - second)

punanga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro, Tūāhua

refuge, to take refuge, asylum, haven

punanga tōrangapū Tūingoa

political asylum, political refuge

punanga wahine Tūingoa

women's refuge

puni whanokē Tūingoa

cult (takenga mai: puni - company of people; whanokē - peculiar, weird, unusual, eccentric)

pūranga Tūingoa

archive (takenga mai: pū - source, base; pūranga - heap, lie in a heap)

puri tikanga Tūmahi Poro, Tūāhua

orthodox (takenga mai: puri - to hold on to; tikanga - custom, convention, tradition)

pūtake ~a ~nga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti

cause, origin, reason, originate (kupu kē atu: take)

pūtake o mua Tūingoa

historical cause, historical reason

pūwhenua Tūmahi Poro, Tūāhua

to settle, live permanently (kupu kē atu: noho pūmau)

rangahau ~tia ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūāhua, Tūmahi Whiti

research (takenga mai: rangahau - seek, search out, pursue)

rangahau aronehe Tūingoa

historical research (kupu kē atu: rangahau hītōria)

rangahau inekounga Tūingoa

qualitative research (takenga mai: ine - to measure; kounga - quality)

rangahau inerahi Tūingoa

quantitative research (takenga mai: ine - to measure; rahi - size, amount)

rangahau rāroto Tūingoa

insider research (kupu kē atu: rangahau huānga)

rangahau rāwaho Tūingoa

outsider research

rangahau tōmua Tūingoa

pilot study (takenga mai: tōmua - early)

rangahau wawaenga Tūingoa

meso level research, mezzo level research (takenga mai: wawaenga - medium)

rangahau whāiti Tūingoa

micro level research

rangahau whakapūaho Tūingoa

case study, case study research (takenga mai: whakapūaho - to clarify, make clear, elucidate) (kupu kē atu: mātaitanga)

rangahau whārahi Tūingoa

macro level research

rangatohe ātete Tūingoa

resistance movement (takenga mai: ātete - to oppose, resist)

rangatohe ātete mārire Tūingoa

passive resistance movement (kupu kē atu: rangatohe ātete rongomau)

rangatohe mana kirimangu Tūingoa

black power movement

rangatohe oranga kirimangu Tūingoa

black lives matter movement

rangatohe tāwheta ā-whenua Tūingoa

nationalist movement

rapunga mātākōrero Tūingoa

literature search

rārangi (~tanga) kōrero Tūingoa

catalogue

rārangi mātāmua Tūingoa

main catalogue

rātaka aronehe Tūingoa

historical diary (kupu kē atu: rātaka hītōria)

rauhī ~tia ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti, Tūāhua

curate, curation, curatorial (takenga mai: rauhī - to collect together, to care for, protect)

rautau Tūingoa

century (takenga mai: rau - hundred; tau - year)

Reanga Kāhakina Tūingoa

Stolen Generation

rēhita ~tia Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti

register (takenga mai: He kupu mino.)

rere kirimā Tūingoa

white flight (takenga mai: rere - to flee; kiri - person, self; mā - white) (kupu kē atu: rere kiritea)

rerekē ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūāhua

different, difference

rerenga Tūingoa

refugee (takenga mai: rerenga - person who has escaped, fugitive, survivor) (kupu kē atu: konene)

rerenga āhuarangi Tūingoa

climate refugee

rerenga tōrangapū Tūingoa

political refugee

ringapēhi Tūingoa

oppressor (takenga mai: ringa - hand; pēhi - to oppress)

ripoinga mahara Tūingoa

memoir (takenga mai: ripoinga - haunts, hangouts; ripoi - to travel about; mahara - to remember)

riri tara ā-whare Tūingoa

intra-tribal war, tribal war

ririkore Tūāhua

nonviolent (takenga mai: riri - anger, violence; kore - not, negative) (kupu kē atu: mārire)

rītaha Tūingoa, Tūāhua, Tūmahi Poro

bias, biased (takenga mai: rītaha - to lean on one side) (kupu kē atu: haukume, arotītaha)

rītaha ira Tūingoa

gender bias

rītaha mataaho Tūingoa

overt bias, conscious bias (takenga mai: mataaho - clear, evident)

rītaha matahuna Tūingoa

unconscious bias, hidden bias, covert bias (takenga mai: mata - face; huna - hidden) (kupu kē atu: haukume huna)

rītaha mātāwaka Tūingoa

ethnic bias

rongo taketake Tūingoa

lasting peace, enduring peace (kupu kē atu: tatau pounamu)

tā te Māori titiro Tūingoa

Māori viewpoint, Māori world view (kupu kē atu: tirohanga ao Māori)

tāera hautūtanga Tūingoa

style of leadership (takenga mai: tāera [kupu mino] - style)

tāhoko ahurea Tūingoa

commercialisation of culture (takenga mai: tā - causative prefix; hoko - to buy or sell; ahurea - culture)

taihāruki Tūingoa, Tūāhua

extremist (takenga mai: tai - prefix with a qualifying force; hāruki [hārukiruki] - very, extreme)

taihuringa ahurea Tūingoa

cultural revolution (takenga mai: tai - a prefix with a qualifying force; huri - to change)

taihuringa hōkakatanga Tūingoa

sexual revolution (takenga mai: tai - a prefix with a qualifying force; huri - to change)

taihuringa pāpori Tūingoa

social revolution, social upheaval (takenga mai: tai - a prefix with a qualifying force; huri - to change)

taihuringa tōrangapū Tūingoa

political revolution, political uprising (takenga mai: tai - a prefix with a qualifying force; huri - to change)

taingarengare Tūingoa, Tūāhua

tyrant, tyrannical (takenga mai: tai - prefix with a qualifying force; ngarengare - overbearing, authoritarian, autocratic)

tairaru Tūingoa

crisis, predicament, serious problem (takenga mai: tai - prefixwith a qualifying force; raru - problem, trouble, difficulty)

tairaru āhuarangi Tūingoa

climate crisis

tairaru ahumahi Tūingoa

industrial crisis

tairaru hauora Tūingoa

health crisis

tairaru ohaoha Tūingoa

economic crisis

tairaru pāpori Tūingoa

social crisis

tairaru pūngao Tūingoa

energy crisis

tairaru taiao Tūingoa

environmental crisis

tairaru tōrangapū Tūingoa

political crisis, constitutional crisis

taiwhana Tūingoa, Tūāhua

rebel, revolutionary (takenga mai: tai - prefix with a qualifying force; whana - to rebel, revolt)

taiwhiwhita Tūingoa, Tūāhua

fanatic, fanatical, zealot (takenga mai: tai - prefix with a qualifying force; whiwhita - fanaticism)

takaporipori Tūmahi Whiti

civilise (takenga mai: taka -causative prefix; pori [pāpori] - social)

takawaenga Tūingoa, Tūāhua

mediate, mediator, go-between, facilitator

take Tūingoa

issue, case, claim, matter, reason, cause

take o mua Tūingoa

historical reason (kupu kē atu: pūtake o mua)

take raupatu Tūingoa

land right obtained by conquest

take tīpuna Tūingoa

ancestral land right

take tuku Tūingoa

land right by gift

take whenua kite Tūingoa

land right by discovery

takenga reo Tūingoa

linguistic background, language background (takenga mai: takenga - origin, derivation)

takenga tōrangapū Tūingoa

political background (takenga mai: takenga - origin, derivation)

taketaketanga Tūingoa

indigeneity

takiwā Tūingoa

time period, era

takiwā ahumahi Tūingoa

industrial age, industrial era

takiwā karihi Tūingoa

atomic age, atomic era

takiwā kōhatu Tūingoa

stone age

takiwā matihiko Tūingoa

digital age, digital era

takiwā mīhini Tūingoa

machine age

takiwā rauwhero Tūingoa

bronze age

takiwā rino Tūingoa

iron age

takiwā tangata Tūingoa

anthropocene (takenga mai: takiwā - era, time period; tangata - people, human)

takiwā tātāmi Tūingoa

colonial period, colonial era

takiwā tuarangi Tūingoa

space age

takiwā wawaenga Tūingoa

middle ages

tāmarutāne ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūāhua

patriarchal, patriarchy (takenga mai: tāmaru - to shade, overshadow; tāne - male)

tāmaruwahine ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūāhua

matriarchal, matriarchy (takenga mai: tāmaru - to shade, to overshadow; wahine - female)

tāmirua ~tia ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti, Tūāhua

recolonise, recolonisation (takenga mai: tāmi - to colonise, repress; rua - two)

taonga Tūingoa

artefact, treasure

taonga tuku iho Tūingoa

heritage, heirloom

tapa ~ina ~nga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti

toponym, placename, to name

tārukenga Tūingoa

slaughter, massacre, pogrom

tātai takenga Tūingoa

provenance (takenga mai: tātai - lineage; takenga - origin)

tātāmi a tauiwi Tūingoa

colonial repression

tātari ~tia ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti

analyse, analysis (takenga mai: tātari - to strain, filter, sift through)

tatau pounamu Tūingoa

lasting peace, enduring peace (kupu kē atu: rongo taketake)

tataunga toto Tūingoa

blood quantum (takenga mai: tatau - to count, enumerate)

tatūnga Tūingoa

settlement, agreement (kupu kē atu: whakaaetanga, tatūnga tokitoki)

tatūnga takirua Tūingoa

bipartisan agreement, bilateral agreement

tatūnga takitahi Tūingoa

unilateral decision, unilateral agreement

tatūnga takitini Tūingoa

multipartisan agreement, multilateral agreement

taunoa ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro, Tūāhua

normal, normalised, normalisation (takenga mai: tau - to settle on, come to rest; noa - common) (kupu kē atu: hanga māori)

taupuhipuhi Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti, Tūāhua

interdependence, interdependent

taupuni rerenga Tūingoa

refugee camp

taupuni whakarau Tūingoa

detention centre, detention camp

tautāwhi tangata Tūingoa

humanitarian aid

tautika Tūingoa, Tūāhua, Tūmahi Poro

equity, equitable

tautika-kore Tūāhua, Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro

inequitable, inequity

taututetute Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti, Tūmahi Poro

conflict, dispute (kupu kē atu: taupatupatu, taukumekume)

taututetute tāwāhi Tūingoa

international dispute, international conflict

tika Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro, Tūāhua

just, justice (kupu kē atu: huatika)

tikakore Tūingoa

unjust

tikanga tuku iho Tūingoa

traditional customs

tipiwhenua Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro, Tūāhua

nomad, nomadic, travel about (kupu kē atu: tangata takapau pōkai, kaewa)

tiriti Tūingoa

treaty (takenga mai: he kupu mino)

tiriti takitini Tūingoa

multilateral treaty

tōhore ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro, Tūāhua

disadvantage, disadvantaged, underprivileged (takenga mai: tō - e whai ana i tā te 'tōnui'; hore [pūhore] - scarce, poverty)

tohuwā ā-nuku Tūingoa

geologic time scale (takenga mai: tohu - to signal; wā - time; nuku - Earth)

tōpūtanga kanorau Tūingoa

melting pot, diverse amalgamation

tōpūtanga whakawaimeha Tūingoa

melting pot, assimilative amalgamation (takenga mai: tōpūtanga - collective; whakawaimeha [waimeha] - to be diluted; whakawaimeha ahurea - cultural assimilation)

tū whakatete Tūingoa

brinkmanship (takenga mai: tū - stance, position, engage, oppose; whakatete - quarrel, disagreement, obstinate)

tūāhuatanga o mua Tūingoa

historical event, past event (takenga mai: tūāhua - situation)

tūāhuatanga tāpua Tūingoa

significant event

tūāpori Tūingoa

civilisation (takenga mai: tūā[tūāpapa] - foundation; pori - people, tribe; pori [porihanga] - society) (kupu kē atu: mātāpori)

tūāpori o te rātō Tūingoa

western civilisation

tūāpori tuauri Tūingoa

ancient civilisation

tuauri whāioio Tūwā

prehistoric times, very ancient past

tūhāngai ahurea Tūingoa

cultural relativism (takenga mai: tū - stance; tū - type, sort; hāngai - relevant to, in line with)

tuhinga taketake Tūingoa

original document

tūkinotanga Tūingoa

injustice, maltreatment (kupu kē atu: hēnga)

tūkinotanga o mua Tūingoa

historical abuse

tūkinotanga pāpori Tūingoa

social injustice (kupu kē atu: hēnga pāpori)

tukipoto whakatuatea Tūingoa

terrorist attack

tuku ihotanga o te reo Tūingoa

intergenerational language transmission

tukupohū whakamomori Tūingoa

suicide bombing (takenga mai: tuku - to release; pohū - bomb; whakamomori - suicide)

tumu kōrero o mua Tūingoa

historian (kupu kē atu: kaimātai hītori)

tūoho Tūingoa, Tūāhua, Tūmahi Poro

aware, awareness, conscious, consciousness (takenga mai: tū - position, stance; oho - awake,arise, be roused [of feelings]) (kupu kē atu: aroā)

tūoho ahurea Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro, Tūāhua

cultural awareness, cultural sensitivity, culturally aware

tupe ~a ~nga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti

disarm, disarmament (takenga mai: tupe - to deprive of power)

tūpore ~tia ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro, Tūāhua

altruism, altruistic (takenga mai: tūpore - to care for, look after, treat kindly) (kupu kē atu: tauwhiro)

turaki ~na ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti

overthrow

turekore Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro, Tūāhua

anarchy, lawlessness (takenga mai: ture - law; kore - nil, negative)

turingonge tōrangapū Tūingoa

political dysfunction

turingonge tuku iho Tūingoa

intergenerational dysfunction, generational dysfunction

tūrourou hinengaro Tūmahi Whiti

indoctrinate, brainwashing (takenga mai: tūrourou - to reach or manipulate with a pole or stick) (kupu kē atu: takapapa hinengaro)

tūtei tomokanga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro

gatekeeping, gatekeeper (takenga mai: tūtei - to keep watch, sentry; tomokanga - entrance, entry)

tūtohetohe Tūingoa, Tūāhua, Tūmahi Poro

activism (takenga mai: tū - position, stance; tohetohe - argue, persist, protest)

tutūnga porihanga Tūingoa

civil disobedience (takenga mai: tutū - insubordination, rebellion, disobedience; porihanga - society)

tutūnga puehu Tūingoa

uproar, disturbance, furore

tūwhana Tūmahi Poro, Tūāhua

radical (takenga mai: tū - to oppose, fight, position, stance; whana - to revolt, rebel)

uara whēnakonako Tūingoa

sentimental value (takenga mai: uara - value; whēnakonako - to be wistful, yearn, long for; whēnakonako - nostalgic)

uruhi ~a ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti

enforce, compel, coercion

urupare ahurea Tūingoa

cultural response, cultural responsiveness

Urupatu Hūrae Tūingoa

Holocaust (takenga mai: urupatu - annihilation; Hūrae [kupu mino] - Jew)

urutau ~nga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro

adapt, adaptation

urutomo ~kia Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti

invade, invasion, attack (kupu kē atu: huaki, whakaeke)

wā mukuhara Tūingoa

amnesty (takenga mai: wā - time; muku - to wipe out, delete; hara - crime, offence)

wāhi tāpua Tūingoa

significant site

wāmua Tūingoa

past time (kupu kē atu: inamata)

wāmua mamao Tūingoa

distant past

wāmua tata Tūingoa

recent past

wātū Tūingoa

present time (takenga mai: wā - time; tū - to stop, halt)

wetehere ~a ~nga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro, Tūāhua

liberate, liberation, emancipatory (takenga mai: wete - to release, untie, set free; here - shackle, tie, restriction) (kupu kē atu: wete)

(whaka) pononga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti, Tūāhua

slave, slavery, enslave

(whaka) wātea ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūāhua, Tūmahi Poro

free, freedom, liberty (kupu kē atu: herekore)

whai wāhi ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti

participate, participation, engage, engagement, have opportunity, have access (kupu kē atu: kuhukuhu)

whai wāhitanga tukipū Tūingoa

universal access (takenga mai: whai wāhi - have access, participation, have opportunity; tukipū - general, widespread)

whakaaotanga Tūingoa

globalisation

whakaaotanga kai Tūingoa

food globalisation

whakaaro whakatuanui Tūingoa

dogma (takenga mai: whakaaro - thought, idea; whakatuanui - overbearing, domineering)

whakaeke ~a Tūingoa, Tūmahi

invade, attack

whakaeo ~tia ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti

disempower, disempowerment

whakahangahanga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro, Tūāhua

diplomacy, diplomatic (takenga mai: whakahangahanga - to handle gently)

whakahāwea ~tia ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti, Tūāhua

discriminate against, discrimination, despise, degrade (kupu kē atu: whakatoihara, whakaparahako)

whakahoki ~a ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti, Tūāhua

repatriate, return, repatriation

whakahorohoro ~tia Tūmahi Whiti

to abolish, do away with

whakakonuka ~tia ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti, Tūāhua

corrupt, corruption (takenga mai: whakakonuka - lead astray)

whakakura ~tia Tūāhua, Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti

romanticise, romanticisation (takenga mai: whaka - causative prefix; kura - valued possession)

whakamaharatanga Tūingoa

monument, memorial, commemoration

whakamahi mauhere Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro

forced labour (takenga mai: mauhere - captive, imprisoned)

whakamahuki ~tia ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti, Tūāhua

enlighten, Enlightenment

whakamana ~hia ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti, Tūāhua

empower, empowerment, authorise, legitimise

whakamāori aronehe Tūingoa

historical interpretation (kupu kē atu: whakamāori hītōria)

whakamōmona ~tia ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti, Tūāhua

exaggerate, exaggeration, exaggerated (takenga mai: whakamōmona - to fatten, enrich)

whakamōtī ~tia ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti

exterminate, annihilate, devastate, devastation

whakangongo pāpori Tūingoa

social amnesia (takenga mai: whakangongo - to neglect, disregard, pay no attention to) (kupu kē atu: wareware pāpori)

whakanōhanga hou Tūingoa

resettlement

whakanōhanga tohuhere Tūingoa

forced resettlement (takenga mai: tohu - to direct; here - restriction, obligation)

whakapae ~tia ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti, Tūāhua

hypothesis, hypothetical

whakapāha Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro, Tūāhua

apology, regret, apologise

whakapakoko Tūingoa

statue

whakaparahako ~tia ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti, Tūāhua

marginalise, belittle, marginalisation

whakapiki tūoho Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro

awareness raising, consciousness raising

whakaporipori ~tia ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti

socialise, socialisation (takenga mai: whaka - causative prefix; pori [pāpori] - social)

whakapūmau ~tia ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti

ratify, certify, validate, confirm, validation (kupu kē atu: whakatūturu)

whakarake ~a ~nga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti

deforest, deforestation (kupu kē atu: tuangahere)

whakarau ~a ~nga Tūmahi Whiti, Tūāhua, Tūingoa

detain, detainee, confine, imprison (kupu kē atu: mauhere)

whakatatū taututetute Tūingoa

conflict resolution

whakatau mana Tūmahi Whiti

impose authority

whakatāuke ~tia Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti

segregate, segregation

whakataurekareka ~tia Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti

objectify, objectification, dehumanise (takenga mai: whakataurekareka - treat with contempt, subjugate, deride)

whakatete Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro

disagreement, tension, quarrel, discord (kupu kē atu: taukumekume)

whakatuanui ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro, Tūāhua

hegemony, domination, hegemonic (takenga mai: whakatuanui - overbearing, domineering, authoritarian, arrogant)

whakatuanui ahurea Tūingoa

cultural hegemony

whakatuanui kirimā Tūingoa

white supremacy (takenga mai: whakatuanui - domination, arrogance; kiri - person, self; mā - white) (kupu kē atu: whakatuanui kiritea)

whakatuanui ohaoha Tūingoa

economic hegemony

whakatuanui tōrangapū Tūingoa

political hegemony

whakatuatea Tūingoa, Tūāhua, Tūmahi Whiti

terrorism, terrorise (kupu kē atu: whakatumatuma)

whakaturi ~hia ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti, Tūāhua

reconcile, appease, reconciliation, conciliation (kupu kē atu: whakamārie, whakaepaepa)

whakatūturu ~tia ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti, Tūāhua

validate, validation (kupu kē atu: whakapūmau)

whakatūwhana ~hia Tūmahi Whiti

radicalise (takenga mai: whaka - causative prefix; tūwhana - radical; tū - to oppose, fight; whana - revolt, rebel)

whakaū poripori Tūingoa

social conditioning (takenga mai: whakaū - to make firm, establish, reinforce; poripori [whakaporipori] - socialisation; pori [pāpori] - social)

whakaumu ~tia ~tanga Tūmahi Whiti, Tūāhua, Tūingoa

transform, transformation, transformational

whakauruuru (ahurea) ~a ~nga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti

(cultural) integration, integrate

whakawaimeha (ahurea) ~tia ~nga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Whiti, Tūāhua

(cultural) assimilation (takenga mai: waimeha - diluted) (kupu kē atu: whakahanumi [iwi])

whana Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro

revolt, revolution, rebellion, uprising (kupu kē atu: pāhoro)

whanokē Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro, Tūāhua

nonconforming, nonconformist (takenga mai: whanokē - perculiar, different, odd)

whanotau Tūmahi Poro, Tūāhua, Tūingoa

conform, conformist (takenga mai: whano [whanonga] - behaviour; whano - e whai ana i tā te whanokē; tau - suitable, settled)

whare pūranga Tūingoa

archival storehouse, repository (kupu kē atu: rua mahara)

whare taonga Tūingoa

museum (kupu kē atu: whare pupuri taonga, whare tongarewa)

whēnakonako ~tanga Tūingoa, Tūāhua, Tūmahi Poro

nostalgia, nostalgic (takenga mai: whēnakonako - to be wistful, yearn)

whenua maru Tūingoa

colony (takenga mai: whenua - country; maru - shaded, sheltered) (kupu kē atu: whenua tāmi, koroni [kupu mino])

whenua tūhake Tūingoa

republic (takenga mai: whenua - country, nation, state; tū - to stand; hake [motuhake] - separate, independent, stand alone)

whenua-kore Tūingoa, Tūāhua

stateless

whiwhi painga Tūingoa, Tūmahi Poro, Tūāhua

privilege, privileged (takenga mai: whiwhi - to have, acquire, possess; painga - benefit, advantage) (kupu kē atu: momoho)

whiwhi painga ā-ira Tūingoa

gender privilege

whiwhi painga hāhi Tūingoa

religious privilege

whiwhi painga kirimā Tūingoa

white privilege (kupu kē atu: whiwhi painga kiritea)

whiwhi painga ohapori Tūingoa

socioeconomic privilege

whiwhi painga taearo Tūingoa

heterosexual privilege

whiwhita Tūingoa, Tūāhua, Tūmahi Poro

fanaticism, fanatical