WhakamĀrama Āpitihanga
E amio ana a Papatūānuku i te Rā. Ko te wā e oti ai tētahi amionga ko te 365 rā, e 5 hāora, e 48 meneti – koirā te roa o tētahi tau. E takahurihuri ana a Papatūānuku, ko te 23 hāora 56 meneti e oti ai te huringa kotahi – koirā te roa o tētahi rā:
Ko ngā wāhanga matua o Papatūānuku ko te iho roto, ko te iho waho, ko te nukuratarata, ko te kirinuku, ko te kōhauhau:
He totoka, he mārō te iho roto, he ranunga o te rino (Fe) me te konukōreko (Ni). Kei te takiwā o te 1,200km te mātotoru o te iho roto.
He waiwai te iho waho, he ranunga anō o te rino (Fe) me te konukōreko (Ni), he ratarata, he tino wera. Nā te rere o te ranunga rino konukōriko ratarata i te iho waho, ka puta te whaitua autō o Papatūānuku. Āhua 2,300km te mātotoru o te iho waho.
Kei waenganui i te iho waho me te kirinuku ko te nukuratarata. He ratarata tonu te āhua o ngā toka i tēnei paparanga o Papatūānuku, kei te takiwā o te 3,700ºC te wera, he kukū anō hoki. Ka pīoioi te nukuratarata, nā te piki o te toka wera me te heke o te toka kāore i te pērā rawa te wera. Ka kīia tēnei āhuatanga ko te rerenga iakawe. Nā te pīoioi o te nukuratarata ka nukunuku anō ngā papaneke i te kirinuku o Papatūānuku. Āhua 3,000km te mātotoru o te nukuratarata. He nui te konupora (Mg) me te takawai (Si) i te nukuratarata:
He totoka, he mārō te kirinuku, e mānu ana i te nukuratarata. Āhua 10km te mātotoru o te kiri moana, 40–70km te mātotoru o te kiri paparahi.