Ko te ahu me te āhua o ngā kaka o tētahi papa rākau. Mā te kakano o te papa rākau e kitea ai tōna tuakiri, tōna ātaahua. Mēnā he kiato te kakano, he taumaha, he kaha anō te papa rākau. Mēnā kāore i te kiato, he taimāmā ake te papa rākau, ā, kāore i te pērā rawa te kaha.
The direction and appearance of the fibres in a piece of timber. The grain gives a piece of timber its character and beauty. If the grain is dense the timber is heavy and strong. If the grain is not dense the timber is lighter and not as strong.
Mā te whakahuene i te papa rākau ki te pepa whakamaene e tino puta ai tōna kakano.
Me tino koi te whao ina tapahia tāmakuhia ana te papa rākau, arā, he whakahāngai te tapahi ki te ia o te kakano.
He ātaahua te kakano o te rimu hangarua i te tēpu nei.