He tikanga tuhituhi, arā, he tohu ka whakamahia hei āwhina i te tangata ki te pānui i te tuhinga kia rite ki tā te kaituhi, ki te kapo māramatanga hoki i ngā kupu.
Conventions of writing, symbols which are used to help a person read the text as intended by the writer, and with understanding.
Me āta aro ki ngā tohu kārawarawa, kia tika ai te pānui.
Ko te kopi tētahi o ngā kārawarawa matua.
Koia ēnei ko ngā kārawarawa matua:
kopi .
Ko te whakamahinga matua o tēnei, hei tohu i te mutunga o te rerenga kōrero.
kopipiko ;
He tohu tēnei hei whakawehe i ētahi wāhanga matua o roto i te rerenga kōrero. Hei tauira:
Ko aku hoa i tae mai, ko Ana, nō Murihiku; ko Teone, nō Pōrangahau; ko Tema, nō Kaitāia.
kopirua :
Ko ngā kōrero e whai ana i muri i te kopirua hei whakamārama, hei whakarārangi, hei whakatūturu, hei tautohu rānei i ngā kōrero matua o mua i te kopirua. Hei tauira:
Kia mau tonu ki ēnei kupu a tō matua i a koe e pōkai haere ana i te ao whānui: Atawhaitia te tangata, ahakoa ko wai.
pakini '
Kāore e nui te whakamahia o te pakini i te reo Māori, pērā i te reo Ingarihi. Ko tāna i te reo Māori, he whakakapi i te wāhi o te pū 'h' i te reo tuhi o ētahi o Taranaki. Hei tauira: Te Pi'ipi'ingā Kākano Mai Rangiātea.
piko ,
He tohu hei whakawehe i ētahi wāhanga o te rerenga kōrero, he paku whakatā hoki mā te kaipānui. Hei tauira:
Ka haere au mā raro, ko Hema i haere mā runga hōiho.
He tohu hei whakawehe i ētahi kupu tauaro. Hei tauira:
Ka whakamahia hoki hei tohu pāpātanga, pērā i te km/h (manomita i te haora).
I te pāngarau ka whakamahia hei tohu whakawehenga, hei whakaatu hautau hoki. Hei tauira: 6/3 = 6÷3, 1/2 = kotahi haurua.
Whakamahia ai te rītaha whakamuri (\) i roto i te reo tohutohu rorohiko.
taiapa ( )
E rua ngā whakamahinga matua o te taiapa:
tohuhono -
Ka whakamahia hei whakakotahi i ētahi kupu e rua, nui ake rānei. Hei tauira:
tohukī “ ” ' '
Ko ngā kōrero ka tuhia ki waenganui i ngā tohukī, he whakapuakanga kōrero nā tētahi. Hei tauira:
Tere tonu te whakautu a Pāpā, “Ka pai e kare, ko tāua e haere.”
Ko ētahi whenua, ko ētahi kaituhi, ko ētahi whare wānanga e mātua whakamahi ana i te tohukī-tahi (' '), ko ētahi, te tohukī-rua (" ").
tohuoho/tohuhā !
He tohu hei whakakaha i te wairua o tētahi rerenga kōrero, hei tohu i te ohorere, hei tohu rānei i te hoihoi. Hei tauira:
Ka tuhia ki te whakamutunga o te rerenga kōrero, o te kīanga rānei hei tohu he pātai taua rerenga. Hei tauira:
tohuwehe -
E rua ana mahi:
tohuwhai –
Ko te tohuwhai roa (—) ka whakamahia hei miramira i te kōrero whakamārama e whai ana i muri i te wāhanga tuatahi o te rerenga kōrero. Hei tauira:
E rua ngā kapa tautohetohe — ko te kapa e āe mai ana ki te kaupapa, me te kapa e whakahē ana.
Ka whakamahia te tohuwhai poto (-) hei whakaatu i tētahi whānuitanga tau. Hei tauira:
He tohu tēnei hei whakaatu i ngā wehewehenga o roto i tētahi mea. Hei tauira, ko ēnei wehewehenga o tētahi rautaki hei whakaoti i te tāpiritanga 24 + 17:
He wā anō ka whakamahia hei whakarārangi i ētahi whakaaro e hāngai ana ki te rerenga kōrero matua o runga ake i te rārangitanga. Hei tauira (nō te pukapuka He Iti Kahurangi, nā Hēni Jacob i tuhi, nā Te Wānanga o Raukawa i whakaputa i te tau 2015 (whārangi 15):
tongi tāruarua ...
*Kāretu, T. Te Haka. Kei roto i tā Ka’ai-Mahuta, R., Ka’ai, T., me Moorfiled, J. ētita. (2013). Kia Rōnaki The Māori Performing Arts. Pearson: Tāmakimakaurau (wh.87).
kārawarawa - division, subdivision
kārawarawa - mark of a stripe
tohutuhi
Me āta aro ki ngā tohu kārawarawa, kia tika ai te pānui.
He aha ngā kārawarawatanga hei ako mā ngā ākonga i tēnei taumata o te kura?
Ko te kopi tētahi o ngā kārawarawa matua.