WhakamĀrama Āpitihanga
Ko te mahi a te kaituhi mahere, he rangahau, he kohikohi, he whakamāori i ngā raraunga e hāngai ana ki te whenua, me ōna whakaahuahanga, me te whakaatu anō i ērā ki te mahere. Ka kīia ko te tuhi mahere tana mahi.
E toru ngā āhuatanga matua o tētahi mahere e whai māramatanga ai te tangata ki ngā kōrero kei roto i te mahere:
- Ko te āwhata hei whakaatu i ngā tāwhitiwhiti. Ka whakareatia te tawhiti i te mahere ki te āwhata kia mōhiotia ai te tawhiti tūturu i te whenua. Ko tā te āwhata he tohu i te whakaititanga o ngā tāwhitiwhiti tūturu kia noho pai ai te mahere ki te whārangi. Ka whakaaturia te āwhata hei ōwehenga, hei tauākī noa, hei rārangi rānei:
- Ko te āwhata ōwehenga:
- 1:20,000,000, arā, e rite ana te 1cm i te mahere ki te 20,000,000cm (200km) i te whenua.
- Ko te āwhata tauākī:
1cm = 200km, arā, e rite ana te 1cm i te mahere ki te 200km i te whenua. - Ko te āwhata rārangi:
- Ko ngā tohu ka whakamahia hei whakaatu i ngā āhuatanga matawhenua, pērā i te maunga, i te huarahi, i te ngahere, i te maha noa atu. Ka whakarārangihia ngā tohu i te taha o te mahere kia mōhiotia ai ngā tikanga. Ka kīia tērā, he pātohu. Hei tauira o te pātohu:
- Ko te tukutuku hei āwhina i te tangata ki te tautohu i ngā taunga, i ngā wāhi e kimihia ana i te mahere. I ētahi mahere ko ngā ahopae me ngā ahopou. Ka tauria ngā ahopae me ngā ahopou, ānō nei he rūri. Ko tā ngā ahopae he tohu i te tawhiti whakateraki, whakatetonga rānei i te weheruatanga o te ao. Ko tā ngā ahopou, he tohu i te tawhiti whakateuru, whakaterāwhiti rānei i te rārangi mai i te pito raki ki te pito Tonga e haukoti ana i te tāone o Greenwich i Ingarangi. Ko ngā pūwāhi e haukoti ai ngā rārangi poutū me ngā rārangi huapae o te tukutuku, ka kīia he taunga tukutuku. Hei tauira:
E ono ngā momo mahere matua, koia ko ēnei:
- Ko te mahere tōrangapū. Ka whakaaturia ngā rohenga whenua me ngā rohenga o roto i tētahi whenua, ko ngā tāone anō hoki. Kāore e whakaaturia te takoto pēhea o te whenua.
- Ko te mahere ā-nuku. Ka whakaaturia ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te maunga, i te pae maunga, i te awa, i te ngahere, i te mānia, i te roto, me te maha noa atu o ngā āhuatanga ā-nuku.
- Ko te mahere takoto whenua. E āhua rite ana ki te mahere ā-nuku, engari ka tuhia he rārangi hei whakaatu i te teitei o te whenua, ka kīia he rārangi hua.
- Ko te mahere āhuarangi. Arā, ko ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te paemahana toharite me te rahi o te ua i ia tau ki ngā rohe e whakaaturia ana ki te mahere.
- Ko te mahere ohaoha. Ka whakaaturia ngā momo ahumahi kei ngā rohe e whakaaturia ana ki te mahere, pēnei i ngā momo pāmu kararehe, i ngā momo ahumāra, i te huke manawa whenua me ngā momo ahumahi whakanao.
- Ko te mahere huarahi, e kitea ai ngā huarahi matua, ngā huarahi mātāmuri me ngā huarahi kirikiri o tuawhenua ki waenganui i ngā tāone me ngā pā kāinga e whakaaturia ana ki te mahere.
Tērā hoki te mahere pāhekoheko kei runga ipurangi, e taea ai te topa atu, te topa mai me te nukunuku haere i te mahere, hei tūhura i ngā āhuatanga whenua e whakaaturia ana.
Kua tuhia tēnei mahere o te ao ki tētahi hanga pōtakataka, e taea ai te hurihuri i tōna pou tāwhirowhiro hei whaihanga i te hurihuri o Papatūānuku. Ka kīia he mahere ao porotaka: