Te Reo Matatini

toikupu

poem, poetry, poetic

tūingoa, tūāhua

WHAKAMĀRAMA

He kupu whānui mō tēnei momo whakatakotoranga o te kupu, arā, he auaha, he waihanga whakaahua i te hinengaro o te kaiwhakarongo, o te kaipānui rānei. I ētahi wā, he poto, he wā anō ka waiatahia, ā, he nui te whakamahinga o ngā momo nuka reo, pērā i te kupu whakarite, i te huahuatau, i te huarite me te orokati tārua. 

A general term for this type of word crafting which is creative and builds a picture in the mind of the listener or reader. Sometimes they are short, sometimes they are sung, and there is widespread use of literary devices such as simile, metaphor, rhyme and alliteration.

Tauira KŌrero

Nā wai tēnei toikupu i tito?

He maha ngā momo toikupu tuku iho a ngā tīpuna, he momo hoki nō nāianei.

He huarite ia rārangi tuarua o te toikupu a Hine.

WhakamĀrama Āpitihanga

He maha ngā momo toikupu tuku iho a ngā tīpuna, pērā i te tauparapara me ngā momo mōteatea pērā i te waiata tangi, i te ruri me te pao.

Ko ētahi toikupu e whai korihi ana, e whai whiti ana hoki. Ko te korihi, koia tētahi rārangi, huinga rārangi rānei ka hokihokia i muri i ia whiti. Ko te nuinga o ngā waiata arotini e pēnei ana.

Ko te awe auaha tētahi āhuatanga e kitea nuitia ana i te toikupu, arā, ko tā te kaituhi whakakotiti i ngā āhuatanga wetereo. Hei tauira, ko te whakataha i ngā kupu kōiwi pērā i te 'i' me te 'kua' kia pai ai te manawataki o ngā kupu.

Arā ētahi toikupu e rangona ana te huarite me te manawataki. Hei tauira:1

Kaua e āwangawanga e hoa mā

E kore tō tātou reo e ngaro rawa

He aha rawa au i kōrero pērā ai?

Nā te mea, e hoa, kei a au te tikanga pai.

Ko te ruri paki tētahi momo toikupu, arā, he paki ka tākina me ōna anō huarite, manawataki hoki. He ruri paki ētahi oriori, inā he takitaki i ngā mahi a ngā tīpuna.

Ko te haiku tētahi momo nō te whenua o Hapani. Ko tōna tikanga he tuku whakaaro ki te taiao, he whakaatu kare ā-roto. He poto, e toru ōna rārangi. E rima ngā kūoro o te rārangi tuatahi, tuatoru hoki, e whitu ngā kūoro o te rārangi tuarua. Hei tauira:2

Matariki e

Nau mai, rewa i te pae

E tau nei ... te tau.

Ko te ruri māhorahora tētahi anō momo, inā te rere noa o ngā whakaaro, kāore e herea ana ki te huarite, ki te manawataki ki tikanga kē atu rānei. Hei tauira:3

Tēnei au e noho nei i tuku whakaaro atu ai

Ki te ao matangurunguru porotaitaka

e huri nei, e huri nei.

E ora tonu ana te aroha o tētehi ki tētehi?

Ko te whai rawa rānei te mahi?

Ko te ruri rārangipū tēnei. Ina pānui whakararo i ngā pū tuatahi o ngā rārangi, he kupu e kitea ana, koia te kaupapa o te toikupu:4

Rū ana te whenua

Ā, ka oioi, ka wiriwiri, heoi

Ka kore ia e

Aro atu. Me

Uaua ka hinga.

He ruri whai āhua tēnei. Ka tuhia ngā kupu ki roto i tētahi āhua e whai pānga ana ki te kaupapa o te toikupu:

1 He whiti nō te toikupu Kaua e Āwangawanga, nā Keri Ōpai. Kei roto i tā Joseph, D. (2004). Te Waihanga Mōteatea, Tā te Kaiako. Porirua: Hana Limited (wh.50). 

2 Nā Darryn Joseph. Kei roto i tā Joseph, D. (2004). He Mōteatea Hou, Tā te Ākonga. Porirua: Hana Limited (wh.2). 

3 He whiti nō te toikupu Mokemoke, nā Darryn Joseph. Kei roto i tā Joseph, D. (2004). Te Waihanga Mōteatea, Tā te Ākonga. Porirua: Hana Limited (wh.9). 

4 Nā Darryn Joseph. Kei roto i tā Joseph, D. (2004). Te Waihanga Mōteatea, Tā te Ākonga. Porirua: Hana Limited (wh.27). 

Takenga Mai

toi - art, knowledge

kupu - word, utterance, message

KUPU KĒ ATU

ruri

mōteatea

Tauira KŌrero

Nā wai tēnei toikupu i tito?

He maha ngā momo toikupu tuku iho a ngā tīpuna, he momo hoki nō nāianei.

He huarite ia rārangi tuarua o te toikupu a Hine.

WhakamĀrama Āpitihanga